What kind of horses would be used for the calvary in the American Civil War?
What types of horses would both Union and Confederate force use for the calvary?
The United States Cavalry since its inception in 1833 as the 1st and 2nd Regiment of US Dragoons used a older type of Morgan Breed called Lippy Morgans. They were generally higher in the withers and were gaited for smoother rides. This is the original line to the sire Justin Morgan before Morgans had been bread with Arabians to produce a daintier animal. Several Pictures exist of their use including one being rode by Gen Joseph Hooker.
The Confederates however rode whatever they had on the farm or in the stable, Such an assortment existed among the Confederates that you would have Fox trotters, Walkers, Morgans, and some Thoroughbreds. (Not recommended, most warm-bloods with the exception of Arabs do not have the disposition for the Battlefield this is just as true then as it is today).
Battlefield maneuvers and the long endurance ride covering at least twenty to 50 miles a day required that the mount be hearty. The rationing for a cavalry horse was limited to crimped oats,maybe corn and water. The sweet feed we know today in 1860 simply did not exist, neither did electrolytes so many a horse simply met their demise just from the heat.
No paints or Appaloosas were used, these breeds were in the west and many cavalry commanders (including Custer) organized his regiments and companies by the color of their horses in much the same way Napoleon did.
Artillery Cassions and Limbers were still pulled by light horses, a typical 12 pound Cannon crew drove a team of Six horses to pull both cannon and caisson. Draft horses were very rare limited to work on large installations and forts.
Hope this helps
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